EARTH-SHELTERED DWELLINGS
Earth may be used to shield structures from cold winter wind, noise, and undesirable views. Basic site considerations such as the orientation of the sun and the wind, topography, type of soil, and groundwater level are especially relevant for this type of constructions. In addition, load-bearing elements of the structure must be specifically designed to withstand tremendous earth pressure as well as heavy rof loads.
Sun orientation
Proper orientation of the structure with respect to sun and wind will provide energy savings as well as impact the quality of life inside the dwelling.
The best site orientation in a northern climate for any earth sheltered dwelling would be a south-facing orientation. All windows would be on the south side and the three remaining sides of the structured covered with earth.
Wind
The wind is also an important consideration for the orientation of an earth-sheltered dwelling. Heat loss increases dramatically when a building is exposed to cold winter winds. An orientation that minimizes the effect of wind will reduce heat loss. Winter winds in the northern hemisphere are primarily from the northwest. Therefore, few windows or doors should be placed on the north and west sides.
Topography
the topography of the site includes control of the land, trees, streams and other natural features. Site contours also determine patterns of water runoff.
The most important aspect of topography on design is whether the design is sloped or flat. Flat sites present several problems for earth sheltered structures. Sloping sites provide much more opportunities in design than do flat sites.
Vegetation on the site is desirable for beautification as well as for erosion and noise reduction. Trees provide shade in the summer and allow sun penetration in winter. Evergreens, when located properly, shield the building from winter winds.